Same holds true even for servers, if you set the server's tickrate too low (tickrate is equivalent to FPS in server terms, albeit just how many times per second it updates not displays frames) then you will experience a substantial ping increase. Ping is just the time it takes to send a packet to a server and how long it takes for it to get back to you, mods and Chromium shouldn't increase it unless if you have low FPS which would cause longer response times from you & the server because your client isn't updating as fast. It shouldn't increase your ping, how much latency increase are you experiencing and how are you testing it? Chromium is Google's open source web browser that's similar to Google Chrome.
